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Thursday, July 31, 2008

New Drugs Mimic Exercise

Continued from page 1

By Emily Singer

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The most effective treatment--the drug and exercise combination--seems to work by reprogramming muscle metabolism. Mice that ran and took the PPARĪ“-activator compound gained 38 percent more slow-twitch muscle fibers than their sedentary counterparts, which were comparable to control mice, and showed a unique pattern of gene expression that partially mimicked that of exercise. "It looks like they've been able to make fast muscle fibers act more like slow muscle fibers, which have a greater capacity to use fats as fuel," says William Evans.

Scientists don't yet know if the drugs will have the same effects in humans. (The PPARĪ“ activator has been in clinical trials for obesity and cholesterol regulation, but results have not yet been released.) If the drugs are successful, William Evans says, these compounds might be most useful for someone "who needs to lose a lot of weight or who is at risk of diabetes. It may make doing regular submaximal endurance exercise seem easier to people who don't do exercise." However, he says, "if, as I suspect, people look at it as a substitute for exercise, that would be bad news indeed."

With their endurance-enhancing properties, the compounds also have a high potential for abuse by athletes. Ronald Evans and his team are already working with the World Anti-Doping Agency to develop tests to detect one of the drugs. However, it's unclear whether such drugs would boost performance in a well-conditioned long-distant runner. "Endurance runners already have 80 to 90 percent slow-twitch fibers," says William Evans, who biopsied world-class endurance runners several years ago. "So if this drug makes fast-twitch fibers behave like slow-twitch fibers, it's unclear if it would have any effects."


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Comments

  • Where's the rest of the story?
    ggeorge on 08/01/2008 at 8:23 AM
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    Okay.   So how is this any different than caffeine or any other stimulant?   Don't they also "give you energy" to do more than you otherwise would?
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    • Re: Where's the rest of the story?
      Shoreliner11 on 08/01/2008 at 1:12 PM
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      The difference is that caffeine supplies you with energy, though what they're talking about in this article actually changes the muscle fibers itself after a workout. So you have more endurance while running and more muscle fibers after which are responsible for endurance.
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    • Re: Where's the rest of the story?
      polyparadigm on 08/04/2008 at 5:38 PM
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      Caffeine uses machinery that was set up to handle adrenaline; your body responds to it (and most stimulants) as it would to fear or excitement, and much of its effect on your muscles is cardiovascular.

      These new drugs are targeted (as the article mentions) at machinery that handles post-exercise hormones.  As Shoreliner11 mentions, it signals your muscles to alter their cellular structure.  I imagine it will feel a lot different (probably not psychotropic at all, unlike caffeine) and take a lot longer to kick in and to wear off.
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  • Effect on athletes and sports
    tkruke on 08/16/2008 at 5:44 AM
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    I'm watching the Olympic Games in Beijing and can't help wonder when drug development will put a stop to all the fun. The article points out that top endurance athletes have 80-90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers and discusses if a working drug like the PPAR activator would have any effect at all. At the level of top athletes where the difference between winning and loosing is so small I suspect that even a minute positive effect will make a big difference. I also suspect that any drug that can give positive effects with less training will help reduce the risk of injury and diseases. Let's hope anti doping can keep up.

    In the long run however, with more and more medical and drug development aimed at improving human health and performance, I wonder if we could see another effect: Even if anti doping work is able to keep up with drug development there still is the issue of normal people outperforming top athletes and how this will affect public interest for sports. How fun is it when your next door neighbor runs better than the Olympic champion?
    Rate this comment: 12345
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