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Thursday, May 08, 2008

Building the Zero-Emissions City

A city being built in Abu Dhabi will serve as a large-scale test for renewable energy.

By Kevin Bullis

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Electronic chauffer: Driverless transports will provide door-to-door service for occupants of a new city being built in Abu Dhabi (top). A typical street will be sheltered from most direct sunlight. Solar panels overhead and built into the walls of buildings will provide power.
Credit: Foster + Partners and the Masdar Initiative

Last week, in the harsh desert climate of Abu Dhabi, construction started on a city that will house 50,000 people and 1,500 businesses but use extremely little energy, and what it does use will come from renewable sources. The initial building is a new research institute that the founders hope will be the seed for the equivalent of a Silicon Valley of the Middle East, only one centered not on information technology but on renewable energy.

The city, which is expected to cost $22 billion, will implement an array of technologies, including thin-film solar panels that serve as the facades and roofing materials for buildings, ubiquitous sensors for monitoring energy use, and driverless vehicles powered by batteries that make cars unnecessary. Indeed, the city's founders hope that it will serve as a test bed for a myriad of new technologies being proposed to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.

The new zero-emissions city, which is being built near the city of Abu Dhabi in the center of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is part of the Masdar Initiative, a $15 billion government-funded investment program designed in part to ensure that the UAE's prosperity won't be linked exclusively to its oil. Its leaders say that the project will give the country a leadership position in renewable energy. If it's successful, says Sultan al Jaber, Masdar's CEO, "we'll be sitting on top of the world."

Designing the city from the ground up will bring a number of advantages. About half of the cost of solar energy comes from installation materials and labor. In Masdar, thin-film solar cells can be incorporated directly into the facades of buildings in place of conventional construction materials, reducing the costs of the solar power. Energy needed for cooling will be reduced by controlling the orientation and design of the city's buildings, streets, and green spaces to find a balance between shade and sun, and to promote natural-air circulation. Air conditioners will use absorption chillers that run on heat from the sun in place of conventional compressors.

Energy for transportation will also be reduced. Efficient electric transports will provide door-to-door service: just type in your destination, and the transport will come to your door and take you automatically to your destination. The power will be generated by renewable energy and stored onboard in batteries. On Monday, Masdar received the first bids on the system, which will likely use battery-powered vehicles running on tracks or powered by magnetic levitation.

Water use will be kept to a minimum--which will reduce energy needed for desalination. And sensors throughout the city will also keep residents informed of their energy use--and when they're going to have to pay extra for using too much. All told, the city's designers predict that efficiency improvements will result in a 75 percent reduction in energy consumption compared with a conventional city of the same size. The energy that is used will come almost entirely from solar--with wind and power from technology that converts garbage into fuel contributing smaller amounts.

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Comments

  • Corporate Hipocrisy
    gabrielg01 on 05/08/2008 at 2:56 AM
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    The irony, of course, is that this zero-emissions city is financed by oil profits. Like the tobacco industry financing lung cancer research...
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    • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
      Plataputylus on 05/08/2008 at 7:52 AM
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      Gabrielg, go back under your rock.  Exactly what is it that makes this experiement a bad thing?  Think they're going to tank the results to show that "sustainability" doesn't work??  If nothing else, this experiment will provide a huge volume of data about what works and what doesn't.  If "oil profits" as you so disdainfully describe them, are funding this, then perhaps we should be lauding the UAE for their vision, instead of maligning their motives.  Life is much nicer on this side of the negativity line...
      Rate this comment: 12345
      • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
        gabrielg01 on 05/08/2008 at 12:15 PM
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        Yeah sure, first they go for huge profits with a complete disregard to what their industry is doing to the environment, and what the costs would be for larger society to fix the problems they create. Then as a public relations move, they try to placate the public by setting up some research fund to show how "socially responsible" they are.

        This is deja vu - the tobacco industry has pulled exactly the same tricks before.
        Rate this comment: 12345
        • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
          afhouston on 05/08/2008 at 2:19 PM
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          A little paranoid aren't we?

          So it is ironic that oil profits are being used to create a more sustainable future. Irony doesn't equal conspiracy.

          You should be more concerned about the way foreign labor is being exploited in Dubai. If anything, this stunt is to show how progressive the country is when in fact, it's quite oppressive and unjust to most of its populace.
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          • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
            gabrielg01 on 05/08/2008 at 4:04 PM
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            I'm not paranoid about it, just disgusted. They were one of the big forces behind environmental destruction across the globe, and now when their coffers are full with money they flaunt their "greenness". Fake!
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            • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
              camdaddy09 on 05/08/2008 at 5:31 PM
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              who gives a shit. its better than doing nothing like us
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              • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
                fensterbaby on 05/09/2008 at 5:48 AM
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                amen brother.

                The US is so far behind  in the  area of forward thinking energy policy that it's pathetic.

                Every time I read a story  about an alternative energy project it's anywhere but in the US
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    • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
      inQbation-com on 05/08/2008 at 9:45 PM
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      It is neither hypocrisy nor conspiracy, it is forward thinking.  Obviously, they know that oil is finite.  So, they are researching and developing technologies that they can offer in 15-25 years when the world's easily accessible petroleum is gone.  it is smart business.  I'm glad that somebody realizes that fossil fuels are a one-time gift from nature that will soon be depleted.
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    • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
      avatar on 05/13/2008 at 2:12 PM
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      Is your point that you should only build a zero-emissions city if it is financed by bottle and can redemptions.  Sure it's ironic, but the money has to come from somewhere.
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      • Re: Corporate Hipocrisy
        gabrielg01 on 05/13/2008 at 5:17 PM
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        They, and many others, should go ahead with as many green cities as possible...and it doesn't matter if it's financed by oil money.

        The point was that they should not flaunt themselves as a green nation. None of the Emirates and the other oil nations are green.

        Funny how such simple things get misunderstood.
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  • Good, but tragic.
    Rigatoni on 05/08/2008 at 1:54 PM
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    No one would even dare to try something this ambitious in the US - and that's if they could even obtain the funding, which they couldn't because corporate America would never finance it.  But Abu Dhabi - an anarcho-capitalist feudal state smack in the middle of Islam Central - is making us look backward and conservative.  I wish this bothered more people, because it bothers me.  We should applaud Abu Dhabi for being this ambitious...and then outdo them spectacularly.  But, of course, we won't.  It makes me ill.
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: Good, but tragic.
      fensterbaby on 05/09/2008 at 5:50 AM
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      Get used to it. 20 years from  now the US will be a third world nation.
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      • Re: Good, but tragic.
        Rigatoni on 05/10/2008 at 2:39 AM
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        "Get used to it" isn't a solution.  I refuse to tolerate watching this country become the Alabama of the world.
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  • First hand knowledge
    ailakhani on 05/12/2008 at 5:56 AM
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    Hysterical is how I describe the opinions that you all have on a wonderful work like MASDAR CITY.  I guess not many of you have ever been to Abu Dhabi or Dubai.  Sure, Abu Dhabi is using its so called 'oil' money to do 'extraordinary' stuff like making a city that'll serve the future generations.  It is very comforting to know that it isn't using this money to develop its defense arsenal or become nuclear!  If US were to divert even a fragment of its defence budget, it would end up probably creating multiple cities of similar kind.    Finally, how can one be so naive to over look the fact that the OIL is being demanded by the customers.  Oil companies are NOT forcing you to drive you cars.   I guess if you really care for the environment, you should STOP driving the cars and the oil rich countries will STOP selling OIL.
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    • Re: First hand knowledge
      gabrielg01 on 05/12/2008 at 3:08 PM
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      If you actually read the posts carefully, you will notice that nobody said or implied that the US is not part of the problem. America, the major oil consumer, is just as responsible for pollution as the oil sellers are. The social analogy would be prostitution. There are people who blame the prostitutes for selling their services, and there are people who blame the johns for buying those services. This is idiotic - you can't blame only one side for what is happening. On the other hand, we can clearly point to the hypocrisy of the players involved. A country that made its riches by selling oil maybe should not be flaunting its "greenness". To follow up on the previous analogy, Mother Theresa was not a prostitute before starting to do good things for society. Get the point?
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  • Emerging Energy Technology
    Overtone on 05/13/2008 at 8:14 PM
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    The Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, addressing the World Future Energy Conference earlier this year said: "The problem of climate change is so grave and urgent that we have less than 10 years to slow, stop and, indeed, reverse greenhouse gas emissions." Masdar is his baby.

    An abundant, renewable, inexpensive, energy source, never before commercialized, is under development. This revolutionary breakthrough can enable the rapid reduction of the need for fossil and uranium fuels.

    Conversion of what he called "space energy" by means of a solid-state device was demonstrated in Germany by Hans Coler in 1926. The following year Nobel physicist Werner Heisenberg stated: "We could utilize magnetism as an energy source."

    Coler later built a 6 kW generator, which he displayed in 1937. Six years later the Nazi navy supported his work in a secret project designed to recharge submarine batteries without the need to surface. His lab was bombed in early 1945. However, after WWII ended he cooperated with British Intelligence which published an initially classified Report on his work, the following year. In 1978, parts of that Report was declassified. Those pages can now be found on the web.

    In 2001, the late Sir Arthur Clarke predicted that during 2009: "The first quantum generators (tapping space energy) are developed. Available in portable and household units, from a few kilowatts upwards, they can produce electricity indefinitely."

    Our work involves both solid-state and mechanical systems that convert this previously unutilized source of energy. It will deservedly meet with great skepticism. However, independent laboratory evaluation is planned in the near-future. Demonstration devices and toys will help anyone understand that the planet has a surprising energy alternative.

    Perhaps one of the most astonishing achievements will be the ability of this technology to turn future cars, trucks and buses into power plants. They will be able to wirelessly transmit up to 150 kW to the grid, when suitably parked, using already proven technology for that purpose.

    Vehicles will become investments, that will pay for themselves over a reasonable period of time.

    This will end the need to build new coal and uranium fueled power plants.

    We hope to participate in the Masdar Project
    Rate this comment: 12345
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